cottony maple scale

Adı : cottony maple scale

Bilimsel Adı : Pulvinaria innumerabilis (Rathvon)

Cottony maple scales (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) are small insects that feed primarily on the sap of maple trees. These scales get their name from the cotton-like material they produce, which is often mistaken for cottony growths on maple branches. In this article, we will explore the natural history of cottony maple scales, their life cycle, and how to control their infestations.
Cottony maple scales are native to North America, and they feed on various species of maples, including sugar maples and silver maples. They are a serious pest of ornamental maple trees, as their feeding can weaken the tree and make it more susceptible to other pests and diseases.
These insects have a complex life cycle, with several stages of development. Adult females overwinter on the branches of the maple tree and begin laying eggs in the spring. The eggs hatch into small, mobile crawlers, which move to new feeding sites on the tree. Once they find a suitable location, the crawlers use their piercing-sucking mouthparts to insert themselves into the bark and begin feeding on the sap.
As the young scales feed, they secrete a protective wax that eventually forms the cottony material that is visible on the maple branches. The cottony waxy material is used to protect the young scales from natural enemies and harsh weather conditions.
After several weeks of feeding, the cottony maple scales enter a molting stage, where they shed their skin and grow larger. This process is repeated several times, and eventually, the scales reach maturity. Once mature, the males and females mate and produce eggs, starting the life cycle anew.
Cottony maple scales can cause significant damage to ornamental maple trees if left untreated. They can weaken the tree, making it more susceptible to other pests and diseases. Additionally, the wax and honeydew produced by the scales can attract other insects, such as ants and wasps, which can also damage the tree.
There are several methods for controlling cottony maple scales, including cultural, biological, and chemical methods. However, prevention is the best method of control, as early detection and treatment can prevent infestations from escalating.
Cultural controls include pruning and removing infested branches or using a high-pressure water hose to remove the scales from the tree. Biological controls include introducing natural enemies, such as ladybugs, lacewings, and parasitic wasps, that can feed on the scales.
Chemical controls, such as insecticides, can be effective in controlling cottony maple scales. However, they should only be used as a last resort, and only when cultural and biological controls are ineffective. When using an insecticide, it is important to always follow the label instructions carefully to ensure both effective control and minimal harm to the environment.
In conclusion, cottony maple scales are a serious pest of ornamental maple trees. Early detection and treatment can prevent infestations from escalating and causing significant damage to the tree. By combining several control methods, including cultural, biological, and chemical methods, homeowners can effectively control these pests and protect their maple trees.